The circuit has been designed for transistors to determine whether the pin is emitter, base or collector as well as the type if NPN or PNP polarity, and can also be used in testing diodes. 4011 – a ...

It used to be a rite of passage to be able to do the math necessary to design various bipolar transistor amplifier ...

The basic construction of Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) comprises of two P-N junctions producing three connecting terminals with each terminal being given a name to identify it from the other two.

The circuit in Figure 1 sinks a constant current (ICE3) through Q3’s collector and emitter. This design is balanced so changes in Q3’s base-emitter voltage (VBE) don’t affect the current sink’s ...