The earliest scientists first observed the waves that earthquakes produce before they could accurately describe the nature of earthquakes or their fundamental causes, as discussed in Lessons 1–5.

In May 1997, a large earthquake shook the Kermadec Islands region in the South Pacific Ocean. A little over 20 years later, in September 2018, a second big earthquake hit the same location, its waves ...

The mechanism facilitating the smooth movement of the oceanic lithosphere over the underlying asthenosphere (upper mantle) remains poorly understood. Recently, researchers from Japan investigated the ...

MIMIZAN, FRANCE—For an experiment with such ambition, the setting couldn’t have been more humble. Yet scientists from across Europe converged here—a dirt lane between a farmer’s field and a small wood ...

A common geoscientific misconception is that land-based shear-wave (S-wave) seismic data accounts for only a small percentage of the total amount of compressional-wave (P-wave) data acquired in ...

A new approach to shear-wave data acquisition should lead to expanded use of shear waves in prospect evaluation and reservoir characterization. This technology not only allows shear-wave seismic data ...