Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are a family of highly potent proteins produced primarily by Clostridium species. These toxins induce botulism, a severe paralytic illness resulting from their ability to ...

Botulinum toxin is the most common non-surgical procedure performed globally, with nearly nine million procedures estimated to take place each year. In the UK alone, around 900,000 botulinum toxin ...