If you’ve worked with germanium transistors, you’ll know that many of them have a disappointingly low maximum frequency of operation. This has more to do with some of the popular ones dating from the ...

Phase shift oscillators used in communications circuits usually have a fixed target oscillation frequency that is determined by the values of fixed resistors in the oscillator circuit. Changing the ...

Oscillator drift remains one of the most critical threats to precision timing in high-performance communication systems. In ...

Positive feedback is used in oscillators to maintain running or oscillating. An oscillator is basically an amplifier which has a feedback path from the output back to the input. This allows a portion ...

Mechanical oscillators are present in almost every electronic device. They mainly consist of a resonating element providing an oscillating output with a specific frequency. Their ability to maintain a ...

One application I recently dealt with needed multiple phases of sine waves, all of equal amplitude. I considered 45°, 60°, and 90° differences, but decided 60° was the best solution. I scoured the ...

Figure 1: Concept of the direct feed-forward method for stabilization of CEP. Other than the superior noise performance, the feed-forward scheme has several additional advantages. First, it does not ...

Download this article in PDF format. What’s the first thing you think of when selecting electronic components? Chances are it’s the processor or something else central to the system. The timing ...